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Performing Backup Control File Recovery

The 
USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE
alternative recovers by applying the redo log in a backup control file.
Backup control file: A backup of the control file generated as the result of using the alter database backup controlfile to 'file_name' command or the alter database backup control file to trace command.
Performing a backup control file recovery is a complicated process. You may need to check the status of the files you need to recover with data dictionary views from time to time.
  1. Shut down the database using the IMMEDIATE or NORMAL option.
  2. Perform a backup of the current control file.
  3. Restore all datafiles and control files from the backup that was made when the tablespace existed.
  4. Mount the database.
  5. Put any offline datafiles online because an offline datafile may not be recovered after an incomplete recovery. You can check this with V$RECOVER_FILE.
  6. Perform the recovery by issuing the RECOVER DATABASE UNTIL TIME `<TIME>' | CANCEL | CHANGE <CHANGE_NUMBER> USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE; statement.
  7. In order to synchronize datafiles with the control file and redo logs, open the database with the RESETLOGS option.
  8. Make sure that the removed objects are back.
  9. Perform a whole closed database backup and notify users that they need to re-enter the data that was lost after the specified recovery time.